Aeroplane.



A. I. W. MAOMANUS.

AEROPLANE. APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 17, 1909.

Patented July 29, 1913,-

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AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 17, 19'09.

W/T/VLSSES INVENTOR @721 [1 Mama/m5 A. P. W. MAOMANU S AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION TILED SEPT. 17 1909. 1,968,431 Patented July 29, 1913 WITNESSES LVVENTOR A tlomqy A. P, W. MAGMANUS.

ABROPLANB. APPLICATION TILED SEPT. 17, 1909.

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AEROPLANE.

recsrea.

An important object of my invention is to provide a. flying machine embodyingautomatic means for limiting or retardingv the tilting or-angular displacement of said machine from a horizontal. plane, said. means comprising a support forthe passengers and the propelling motor, said support being suspended as a. pendulum or plumb weight, thus utilizing the weight of said passengers and the motor to steady the machine.

A further object of my invention is to provide a flying machine which will be automatically returned to its normal horizontal position if tilted or swung. angularly from suchposition.

In the accompanying drawings, forminga part of this specification, and in which. like numerals designate like partsthroughout the same, Figure-1 is a perspective view of. my machine complete. longitudinal sectional viewof my machine Fig. 3 is a perspective'view of the rear rudder of my machine andshowing parts associated therewith. Fig. 4: is an enlarged fragmentary side View of a portion of my machine.- Fig. isatransverse vertical sectional View" taken on the line 55 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is aperspective view of the mechanism used upon my machine for preserving the equilibrium of the same. Fig. 7 is a top plan fragmentary view of the lower plairand a plan. View of the platform orera lle. Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional View taken on line 88 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a. perspective View of a modified form of my machine, and, Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the mechanism for automatically retainingthe equilibrium of the machine shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is adetailed fragmentary top plan view of the lower plane, showing members associated therewith. Fig. 19. is a vertical cross sectional view taken on line. 12-12 ofv Fig. 1.

Specification of Letterslatent.

Application filed September 17, 1909.

Fig. 2. is a vertical tively.

Patented-July 29, 1913..

Serial No. 518,208.'

is a. perspective view of a modified form of Y the similar planes-10 and 11 shown in Fig. 1., showing members associated.therewith.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention, I provide the superposed planes 1 and 2 which-have an upper conveX surface and are connected together upon one edge by means of. the spaced vertical uprights 3 and upon the forward edge thereof by-the spaced vertical uprights 4. For the sake of clearness, I will hereafter refer to the connected superposed: planes 1- and 2 asthe body. of the machine; and it is tube understood that the planes 1 and. 2 are arranged transversely of the machine. At the ends of said planes 1' and 2,. I provide the U shaped brackets 1 and. 5 which: are suitably secured thereto, and in alinement with the central longitudinal axes of said planes.

The Ll-shaped brackets 4L and 5 are prevented from lateral displacement by means of the wires (ior the like, secured to the upper and lower porticnsthereof and: to the corners of said planes 1 and 2. Theuprights 3 and 4e are providedwith the diagonally arranged wires 7 which are secured thereto at the upper and lower ends thereof, to brace the same. The vertical uprights 8 and. 9 ale arranged in alinement with said U.- shaped-brackets and 5 and. are at the same distance therefrom, respectively. It is to be understood that the uprights 8 and 9 are suitably secured to the planes 1 and 2 by any desired means.

Arranged bet-ween the brackets a. and the upright- 8 and the bracket 5 and the upright 9, are the movable planes 10 and 1-1 respec- The similar planes 10 and 11 as shownin Figs. 1 and G are flat and are provided upon the ends thereof with the trunnions 12 which are in alinement with each of her and lie within the central longitudinal axis of the same. The planes l0 and 11 are pivotally mounted between bracket 1 and upright 8, and bracket 5 and upright 9 re- 'spectively, by means of the trunnions 12-hoing journaled through said brackets and uprights as at 13. Said planes 10 and 11 are also arranged so that. the central longitudinal axes of the same are parallel with planes-'1 and 2, said planes 10 and 11 being free to be swung forwardly and backwardly upon said axes. A. bell-crank-lever 14: is pivotally mounted upon the outer. forward upright. at aipoint near the middle thereofas shown at 15, and has a pivotal link 16 connecting one end thereof to the forward edge of said plane 10. second bell-cranklever 17 is pivotally mounted upon the rear outer standard 3 at a point centrally thereof and is pivotallyconnected to the rear edge of said plane lOand in alinement with said pivotal connectinglink 15. It is obvious by referring to Fig. 6, that bell-crank-lever 14- and bell-crank-lever 17 areinverted with relationto each other and that a similar movement of each of the same will cause an opposite movement of the forward and rear edges of said plane 10. A bell-crank-lever 18 similar to bell-crank-lever 14 is pivotally mounted upon upright 1 at a point centrally thereof and connected by a pivotal link 19 to the forward edge of said plane 11, while a bell-crank-lever 20 inverted in relation to bell-crank-lever 18 and similar to bell-crank- ].ever 17, is pivotally mounted upon the rear outer upright 3 at a point centrally thereof, and pivotally connectedto the rear edge of plane 11, and in alinement with said pivotal link 19. The operation of bell-erank-levers 18 and 20 "is precisely the same as the operation of bell-crank-levers, 141. and 17, above described, and therefore, need not be again explained. The planes 10 and 11 are thus mounted so that they may be inclined in opposite direction to each other, up or down, and present such an inclination to the course of travel. The form of the planes 10 and 11 is flatand non-flexible, so that the forward and rear edges of the same are swung through relatively equal arcs of a circle.

ihis is the form of the planes to be used upon machines built for speed, while I may employ a slightly modified form of movable horizontalplanes, upon machines designed to carry heavier loads and built forslower speed.

'By reference to Fig. 1 1, it will be seen, that I may employ a plane 10 as a substitute forthe planes l0 and 11; The plane 10 is formed of canvas or the like stretched over and suitably secured to a frame, com- 'sib.leto obtain a plane which will be more flexible throughout its rear portion than in its forward portion. I prefer to have this increase of flexibility confined principally to the rear half of the planes,'or behind the pivotal connecting members 13. The piv .otal members 13 are arranged in alinement with each other and within the central lon- '1t-u.dinal axis of said plane; The bellcranlelevers 14 and, 15 which are oppositely arranged with relationto each other are connected to the forward and rear edges the bell-crank-lever 1 1. Owing to the fact that the plane 10 is pivoted at its longitudinal central axis, this unequal movement of its edges wil cause a bending or flexing of. the plane, and the bending will be greater in the rear half of the same, owing to the increased flexibility therein, as above stated. I cause a quicker and greater movement of the rear edge of the plane 10 than the for ward edge thereof, by decreasing the length.

of the lower portion of bell crank lever M 30 as shown at 17 in bell-crank-lever 15%; I further increase the length of the horizontal portion as shown at 18, and also increase the lengthof the connecting link 19'. \Vhen the bell-crank-levers 14 and 15 are actug;

ated, as in a similar manner to the bellcrank levers 18 and 20, hereinafterto be de scribed, they will cause the flexing of the plane 10", and thus present an upwardly or downwardly inclined curved surface to 9 the course of travel. By flexing the hori- .'/.ontal planes 10 their efiiciency is greatly increased over a'plane which is merely inclined, for the same purpose, for it affords greater =resistance to the course of travel.

This form of plane as be ore stated is especially applicable to machines designed to slow speed and heavy loads.

The brackets 21 and 22 are arranged centrally upon plane 1 in alinement with each 30 3 other and in the transverse central axis of said plane 1. Shaft 23 has the ends thereof extending through said brackets 21 and 22,. and is provided upon the outer sides of said brackets 21 and 22 with the nut 24 as shown The brackets 21 and 22 are sein Fig. cured upon the upper plane .1 by means of bolts 25 which pass through said brackets 21 and 22 and said plane 1. Swingingly mounted upon said shaft 23 near the ends 120 thereof are the V-shaped stqiporting brackets 26 and 27. The supporting bracket-s 2t, and 27 comprise the converging uprights 28 and 29 respectively, which are secured together at the upper ends by means of the bolts 30. Arranged between each of the pairs of uprights 28 and 29 is a triangular block 31, which is held in place by said bolt 30 passing therethrough and is provided with a centrallyarranged opening 32 'adapted to receive eollar33 through which passes shaft By this form of joint the uprights 28 and 29. respectively are securely :held together at their upper ends and are free to swing laterally upon said shaft 23. Aplat 1125 form 34: of a rectangular shape-has the four corners thereofconnected to the lower ends of said uprights 28 and 29. [The diagonally arranged wires 35 are secured to the lower portion of said uprights 28 and 29' and to 139 neeaeav m said platform 34, and serve to prevent the displacement of "said uprights with relation to said platform. A horizontally arran 'ed shaft 36 is connected to theunder SUTEICE of said platform 34 by means of the alined vertical standards 37 which lie within the central longitudinal axis of said platform 34. The shaft 36 as above stated is centrally arranged upon platform 34, and serves as a load or weight by which plat-form 34 is retained in its true position, it being under stood that the rod 36 may not be used upon my machine when thesame is provided with a sufficient number of passengers or the like.

. Said platform 34 has the same curvature as the lower plane 2, as clearly'shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The lower plane 2 is provided centrally thereof with the rectangular opening 38. The platform 34 is arranged within said opening 38 and owing to the fact that said opening 3 is much larger than said platform 34', the latter is free to swing laterally within said opening. The comparative size of opening 38 and platform 34 is clearly illustrated in Fig. 11.

The forwardand rear edges 39 of. platform 34 are provided with the brackets 40, near the ends thereof, each of said brackets 40 comprising spaced ears 41 adapted to be secured upon the upper and lower surface ofsaid platform, said bracket being further provided upon the opposite side thereof with the spaced cars 42 between which is mounted the roller 43.v The roller 43 of each .35 of the brackets 40 is arranged in engage.

ment with the horizontally arranged portions 44- of said plane 2, and positively pre- L vents the platform 34 from having relative transverse movement with said plane 2. It

40 is obvious that platform- 34 must travel in the arc of a circle, and I therefore provide the rollers 43 with considerable length in order that they may remain in engagement with the portions 44 of plane 2 when the N45,. same are being swung in the arc of a circle .i by platform 34.. It is obvious, by referring ,l to Fig. 7 that the resisting efiicienc'y of the iewer plane 2 is greatly reduced by the por- Ztions of the opening 38 upon each side of he platform 34. To overcome this disad ,vantage (see Fig. '11) I provide the lower plane 2 with the upp'er plane 35 upon each Q 'side of the platform 34. Each of the upper planes 35 comprises a. body portion 36 the 55Qends of which are bent downwardly and Qinwardly as at 37 to engage the under surj face of plane 2. The upper surfaceofplanc 5 provided with spaced rollers 38' which on the under surface of the upper planes 30 The inwardly bent ends 37 of each of said lanes 35 is provided upon the upper sur ace I thereof with the rollers 40 which are adapted'to engage the iinder sur- 55.; face of plane 2... By this coasts fiction each i e adapted to engage thet-racks 39* secured of the planes 35 may be moved longitudi; nally upon the plane 2, and as platform 34 assumes a position near one side of the opening 38, one of the planes 35 will be drawn over the opposite edge of the opening 38 for the purpose of covering the same. The vertical rods 37 extend upwardly through ends of platform. 34 and are bent outwardly and dowmvardly as at 4] and 42 respec tively and provided with the hooked ends 43 The connecting links 44 pivotally connect the upper planes 35 to the hooked extremities of the vertical rods 37, which connection causes said planes 35 to follow the platform 34 in its travel. .As above stated the platform 34 travels in the arc of a circle and therefore the edges of he same nav swing upwardly a sufficient distance to engage the planes-35. if saidplanes were not sufliciently removed therefrom. As shown in Fig. 11 the planes 35 are spaced away from platform 34 and the intervals between said planes and platform 34 are spanned by some suitable form of elastic fabric 45 which prevents the air from passing between the plat-form and the planes 35", and yet will permit said platform to be swung upwardly above said pl ancs 35 if necessary.

The bell-crank-levers 14, 17 and 18, 20 an. pivotally connected to the lower portions of said uprights 28 and 29 by means of the rods 45 and 46 respectively. The rods 45 are connected transversely to each other by means of the diagonally arranged rods 47, and the rods 46 are connected to each other in a similar manner by the diagonally arranged rods 48. By reference to Fig. 6, it will be apparent that the opposing and longitudinally arranged bell-crank-levers 14, 18 and 17, 20 are oppositely arranged with relation to each other, and that when said rods 45 and 46 are moved in one direction, that planes 10 and 11 will be swung in opp osite directions with relation to each other. Arranged upon the vertical standards 3 near each side of said opening 38 and upon the rear edges of said planes 1. and 2, are vertically arranged planes 49. The planes 49 are of similar dimensions and are mounted upon said uprights 3 in a similar mannerv and therefore I need only describe one of them. The plane 49 is provided upon the rear edge thereof at the upper and lower ends with the cars 50 which surround the uprights 3 and are supported by collars 51 rigidly secured upon said uprights. It is to be understood by this connection that plane 49 is free to be swung upon upright 3 as an axis. Plane 4%) is further provided upon the forward edge thereof and at the upper end with the upstanding arm 52. upon Y 54. Plane 49 i is provided near the lower edge thereof with horizontally arranged slot through which extends the rod 54; as shown in Fig. 6. The normal position of thevertically arranged planes L9 is shown in Fig. 6. Upon the lateral swinging of platform 34 in either direction, it is obvious that said vertical planes will be swung in the same direction with relation thereto, but

owing to the fact that said planes 49 are connected to the uprights 29 at a central point, said planes will not be moved through as great a distance as'said platform 34:.

Arranged below the plane 2- near the sides of opening 38, are arranged the vertical rods 56 upon the lower ends of which are secured the forwardly extending and upwardly curved rods 57, which have. their forward ends united by a transverse rod 58. The diagonally arranged rods 59 and 60 which join each other at their upper ends and are suitably secured to the upper end of the uprights 4, have their lower ends connected to the curved rods 57 at 61. The diagonally arranged rods 62 connect the curved rods 57 with the lower plane 2. An inverted U- shaped-bracket comprising the vertically arranged spaced sides 63 is secured upon the projecting ends ofrods 58, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. Diagonally arranged rods 63 are secured near the central point of the spaced sides 63 and have their inner ends suitably secured tothe lower plane 2 near the diagonal rods 62. The spaced sides 63 are provided with alined brackets 63 upon one side thereof, through which is rotatably :mounted the horizontally arranged shaft 64. The parallel normally horizontally arranged superposed planes are pivoted near the middle thereof to the spaced sides 63 as at 64, and have their edges pivotallw connected by the means of the rods 65 The levers 66 are rigidly secured to the shaft 64 and have their opposite ends pivotally con nected to corresponding rods 65. It is to be understood that the superposed planes 65 are flexible and that when the levers 66 are swung upon their pivots, that owing to the fact that their pivots are eccentric with relation to said superposed planes 65, planes' 65 will be inclined and at the same time curved or flexed. An arm 67 is rigidly secured to shaft 64 at its middle and has 'a pivotal connection with a rod 68 which extends rearwardly and is connected by means of a suitable'form of universal joint to an operating lever 69 arranged upon the platform 34, whereby'said planes 65 may be actuated to raise and lower the machine. The vertically arranged half moon rudders 70 are pivoted to andbetween the superposed planes 65, at equal distances from the central transverse axes thereof. The half moon rudders areconnected together by means of a string 71 or the like, which string extends laterally and is trained around suit 65 and thence rearwardly around pulleys upon the standards 4. By the actuation of said string 71 the rudders 70 may be swung laterally in either direction and the machine thus be steered to the right or left of its normal straight line of flight. The vertically arranged rudder 7 2 is pivotally connected at 78'to the horizontally arranged superposed rods 74, the inner 'ends' of which are pivotally connected to the rear edges of the planes 1 and 2 at a point centrally thereof and in alinement with each other. The'rearwardly converging rods 75 have the forward ends thereof pivotally connected to the upper and lower planes -1 and 2 and have their rear 0 ing the spaced sides 77 has the forward ends thereof secured to the lower plane 2 near the forward ends of said rods 75, and serves to support the lower horizontally arranged rod 74. The purpose in having'the vertically arranged rudder mounted so that the same may be swung-upwardly, is to avoid the breaking or'damaging of the same when the machine is being landed froma flight. The chief function of the vertically arranged rudder 7 2 is to. maintain the flying machine in a straight "line of travel.

The supporting brackets 78 are arranged at equal distances from the endsof the planes 1 and 2 and are in transverse alinement with two of the uprights 3. A shaft,

79 is rotatably mounted through the upper portion of each of said brackets 78 as at 80 and has its rear portion journaled through the upright 3, and is provided upon its rear end with the propeller 81. A rotatable pulley 82 comprising the three sprocket wheels 83 rigidly secured together is rota- .tably mounted at a central point upon shaft 23. and has means associated therewith for n"eventing the same from having longitudinal movement upon said shaft 23. A suitable motor 8 f is arranged centrally upon platform 34 and has a sprocket chain .85 associated therewith and trained over one of the sprocket wheels 83, whereby rotation may be imparted to pulley 82 from said motor S t. the sprocket wheels 83 and extends laterally to engage a sprocket wheel 87 rigidly secured upon the forward end of one of said shafts 79-, while a sprocketchain 89 eX- tend's laterally in opposite direction to chain 86 and engages a sprocketwheel" 90 which is rigidly secured to the corresponding pro-- peller shaft. The chain 89 is crossed so that the propellers secured upon the ends of the propeller shafts '7 9 will be rotated in oppo- A chain 86 engages one of ice site directions to each other, it being understood that the setof blades of the propeller secured upon one of said shafts 79 is at right angles to the set of blades of the other propeller. It is obvious that by locating the motor 81 upon the central portion of the platform Set, that the same will be normally in vertical alinement ,with shaft 23, and I consider this of importance for the operation of said motor 8 1 will not cause the platform 34 to be swung laterally suiiiciently to actuate the equilibrium planes to any perceptible extent. It is also obvious that the swinging of the planes 1 and 2 upon the transverse shaft 23 will notaftect the operation of the motor and the actuating of the propellers by the same.

In the ope-ration of my machine, the propellers are driven by the motor 8% which causes the machine to travel forwardly in the direction of the arrow shown on Fig. 1. During the course of flight should the body portion of the machine swing angularly out of its rormal horizontal plane, and for the sake of illustration, we may suppose that the end 91 be lowered, the shaft 23, being free to rotate between standards 28, the platform til together with standards 28 will maintain their normal hanging position while the rods {l6 will be pressed inwardly against said standards thus causing bell-crank-levers 10 and 20 to be swung outwardly upon their pivot point and draw the rear edge of plane 11 downwardly and force the forward edge upwardly. It is obvious that this movement of plane 11 would cause the elevation of the end 01. and thus restore the equilibrium of the machine. During the upward movement of the forward edge of plane 11, plane 10 has its forward edge drawn dt'iwnwardly a corresponding distance which of course helps plane 11 in restoring the equilibrium of the machine. it is obvious from Fig. (3, that when platform 84: is swung toward one side of the machine,that planes 10 and 11 are swung in opposite directions with relation to each other, as hereinabove described. During the flight of the machine, and lowering of end 01 as above described, the platform 3-1 has assumed a. position nearer the end 01 than ithas when the machine is.in its horizontal position. This new position of plalfori'n 34; increases the resistance upon the side of the machine the end of which is 91, and this will cause .said end 91 to be retarded somewhat in its travel and which will in turn cause the n'rachine to he swung from its straight path of travel. lo overeon'ie the above dilliculty, I have providedthe vertically arranged equalizing planes 4-0. It is to be understood that these planes in their normal position are arranged angularly as shown in Fig. (3, thus oltering an equal amount of resistance upon each side of the body portion of the machine, and that the limit of the travel of said planes a9 outwardly, is to assume a position transversely of said plane 2. In the swinging of the end 91 downwardly, as above described, the plane "19 nearer end 01, is swung outwardly 'to assume a transverse position with relation to plane 2. thus reducing the resistance uponthat side of the machine while the other plane 191113011 the opposite side of said platform 3st is drawn toward the same to assume a somewhat parallel position with relation to the rear edge of plane 2, thereby increasing the resistance on that side of the machine. By the operation of the planes 4:9, as above described, the extra amount of resistance caused by the swinging of the platform 34 to either side of the machine is equalized. it is also obvious that in the last referred to illustration that the pressure exerted upon plane 49 the farther away front end 91 will tend to swing platform 34L to ward said end 91 or in a direction opposed to the pressure exerted by the planes 10 and 11 upon the platform 3-1 and therefore steady the platform and quicken the movement of planes 10 and 11. [t is also worthy of note that the vertical planes 19 in their normal position, tend to steady platform 3 1 and prevent the same from undergoing unnecessary oscillation.

The modified form of my invention as shown in l igs. 9 and 10 comprises the parallel superposed planes 92 and 93 connected at their corners by the uprights 9%. The

horizontally arranged rods 95 are connected to uprights 9 1 near the middle thereof, said rods 05 being in alinement with each other.

At a central point upon rods 95 is rigidly secured a horizontally arranged shaft 96 and upon said shaft 96 near the ends of planes 92 and J3, are swingingly mounted planes 0?. The planes 92 and are further connected near their middle portions by the up- 104. adapted to normally assume said verti- The forward edges of planes 92 and 93 are provided with the; horizontally. arranged rudders 107 and 108 respectively, spaced away therefrom and connected thereto by means of the spaced strips 109 and 110 respectively. Upon the rear edge of planes 92 and 93 and in alinement with strips 109 and 110 are arranged the rectangular bracle ets 111 and 112 respectively, upon the rear ends of which is rigidly mounted. a vertically arranged rudder 113, and at a central point thereon.

The operation of the form of my machine disclosed in Figs. 9 and 10 may be more clearly understood by stating that the same is to'be used as a toy. This form of my device is propelled by securing a string or the like to the forward portions thereof at a centralpoint, and attaching'the other end of the string to the far end of a long pole ;which is moved around in a circle by the person holding the same, thus imparting to the toy aeroplane the required speed. I wish it understood that I do not restrict myself to this manner of using or propelling my toy aeroplane, for I may replace the strlng and pole by using suitable form of spring motor. The ball '106 being comparatively hea-vy acts as a pendulum or in a manner similar to platform 34, and-will move planes 97 in opposite directions to, each other, whereby the equilibrium of the machine will be restored in the same manner as in the first form of my device.

In the last form of'my device, I have omitted the Vertically arranged equalizing planes 49, but have increased the size of the rear vertically arranged rudder and thus overcome the resistance placed upon one side of the machine, when the ball 106 assumes a position nearer to that side.

I'wish to state that I may numufacture the first form of my device by the use of any suitable material which is sutliciently strong and light. However, the second form of my device may be manufactured partly of pasteboardf tissue paper and wooden strips, or any form of inexpensive material. I wish it further understood that the forms of my device herein shown and described, are to be taken only as an illustration of the preferred form of my device, and that many changes in the shape,size and details of the same may be made with out departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, I claim: Q W

1. A flying machine of the character described, comprising superposed pit-mes, movable planes mounted between said superposed planes near the ends thereof and adapted to be swung in a vertical plane, a depending member swingingly mounted upon one of said superposed planes and adapted to retain a vertical position, means connecting said swinging member and the swinging lanes for moving the 'same in opposite directions to each other, vertically Y arranged swinging planes adapted to be swung in a horizontal plane arranged between said superposed planes, means connecting said vertical planes andsaid swinging member, a vertical rudder arranged rearwardly ofsaid superposed planes, means for raising and lowering said'machine, and means for propelling said machine, substantially as described. 2

2. A flying machine of the character des'eribed, comprising superposed planesfmow a le planes arranged between said superposed planes at the ends thereof, andfa'dapt ed to be swung in a vertical plane, th'ei lower of said superposed planes bei'n with an opening arranged centra lytherie of,

. per of said superposed planes arranged within said opening adapted to ha I tudinal movement with relation 0- lower of saidsuperposed pl'arieifmean meeting said movable planes withsaid-S and adapted to be movedin aiverti'ea plane only,- means for raising and lowerin' the machine, ropellers mounted rearwarfly said plane, and means for actuating said propellers, said means being mounted upon said sup )ort, substantiallyas described-i A 3. A flying machine of the'characterdescribed, comprising superposed planes, planes swingingly mounted between said superposed planes at the ends thereof, means for swinging said planes so that the same are arranged at opposite angles to the course of flight of the machine, a platform swingingly supported by the upper of said super-posed planes and adapted tomove within anopening provided within the lower of 'said superposed planes, planes .movably' ar plant-s on both. sides of said platform, a section of elastic material eommcting said planes with said platform, means connecting said planes with said platrtorn'i whereby the former are forced to move with the latter, and means coimecting said platform with said means forswinging said planes, substantially as described.

4. In a flying'maohine of the character posed near the opposite'ends of the sustaina support sWingingly-mounted upon thegligpport for moving the sameinlof ipmitedirecr',

described, a sustaining plane, ailerons disv m provided y of and rearwardl'y of said superposedplanes,

ranged upon the lower of said superposed in; plane, a pendant structure to swing connected therewith to be automatically traniwersely to the direction of flight of moved by the same, an elevation! rudder. a the machine. incans connected with both the direction rudder, and propelling means for :t'orward and rear edges of the ailerons and the machine.

with the pendant structurewherehy the In testimony whereof I affix my signature 1%) ailerons will be positively moved up and in presence of two witnesses.

down in opposite directions with relation to AUGUSTUS F. \V. MACMANUS.

each other when the machine tilts transitnesses:

versel g vertical planes disposed upon op- DON I. Bniss,

1e posite sides of the pendant structure and NELSON IAXTLF 

